Vikramaditya

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Kalakacharya Kathanaka, a work by Mahesara Suri, a Jain sage around the twelfth century C.E. may be the source of Vikramaditya's dates. The Kathanaka (meaning, "an account") tells the story of a famed Jain monk Kalakacharya. It mentions that Gardabhilla, the then powerful king of Ujjain, abducted a nun named Sarasvati, the sister of the monk. The enraged monk sought help of the Saka ruler, a Shahi, in Sakasthana. Heavily outnumbered, the Saka king defeated Gardabhilla with the aid of miracles, making him a captive. Sarasvati was repatriated. Gardabhilla was forgiven though. The defeated king retired to the forest where a tiger killed him. His son, Vikramaditya, raised in the forest, had to rule from Pratishthana (in modern Maharashtra). Later, Vikramaditya invaded Ujjain and drove away the Sakas. To commemorate that event he started a new era called the Vikrama Samvat. Kallesvara Swamy Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2014 . Retrieved 10 July 2012. Dutta, Sujan (16 April 2010). "Speedy probe into navy 'honey trap' – Panel hands in report on commodore". Calcutta, India: telegraphindia.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2011. In January 2020, Vikramaditya was used to undertake the first carrier trials of the naval version of the HAL Tejas Light Combat Aircraft. Over eight to ten days, the Tejas was launched and recovered several times as part of the aircraft's initial test phase. The Tejas was the first indigenous Indian aircraft to both land on and take off from an Indian aircraft carrier. [107]

James Tod and William Crooke, Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, or The Central and Western Rajput States of India (London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1920), 912. Major repairs for the INS Viraat, its replacement delayed again by Russia". NDTV. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. a b "Gorshkov to be handed over to India by Dec '12". The Times of India. 1 June 2010. Archived from the original on 28 February 2017. Chopra, P.N.; Ravindran, T.K.; Subrahmanian, N (2003) [2003]. History of South India (Ancient, Medieval and Modern) Part 1. New Delhi: Chand Publications. ISBN 81-219-0153-7. INS Vikramaditya trial malfunctions to delay handover to India". The Times of India. 17 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013.Edgerton, Franklin. 1926. Vikrama's Adventures; or, The Thirty-Two Tales of the Throne, a Collection of Stories About King Vikrama, as Told by the Thirty-Two Statuettes That Supported his Throne, Edited in Four Different Recensions of the Sanskrit Original (Vikrama-charita or Sinhasana-dvatrinçaka). Harvard oriental series, v. 26-27. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. OCLC 255821. According to his Udayagiri inscription, Chandragupta went on a digvijaya ("conquest of all quarters") campaign. [5] He is known to have been a powerful sovereign emperor, and this fits in well with the iron pillar inscription's description of king Chandra as someone who "attained sole supreme sovereignty in the world acquired by his own arm and (enjoyed) for a very long time". [37] INS VIKRAMADITYA VR TOUR HD - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 . Retrieved 12 December 2020. Radyuhin, Vladimir (8 June 2012). "INS Vikramaditya begins sea trials". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 11 July 2012.

INS Vikramaditya ( Sanskrit: Vikramāditya, Brave as the Sun) [note 1] is a modified Kiev-class aircraft carrier and the flagship of the Indian Navy. Entered into service in 2013. [20]Gazeta, Rossiyskaya; Yemelyanenkov, Aleksandr; Vorontsova, Yekaterina (24 September 2013). "Vikramaditya "significant capability-enhancer" for Indian Navy- Commodore Berry". www.rbth.com . Retrieved 31 December 2018. Repair of Gorshkov's hull completed". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 18 October 2008. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011 . Retrieved 7 March 2011. The re-equipped superstructure of the Vikramaditya houses state-of-the-art launch and recovery systems, long-range air surveillance radars, and advanced electronic warfare suite. Kumar, Vinay (29 June 2012). "INS Vikramaditya undergoing sea trials". The Hindu. Chennai, India. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. According to Sten Konow, the term "seven faces", mentioned in the iron pillar inscription, refers to the seven mouths of Indus. Historians R. C. Majumdar and K. P. Jayaswal, on the other hand, believe that the term refers to the tributaries of Indus: the five rivers of Punjab ( Jhelum, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas, and Chenab), plus possibly the Kabul and the Kunar rivers. [35]

The balance of power changed again in 1069 with the death of Virarajendra Chola. Vikramaditya VI proceeded via Kanchi where he quelled a rebellion and installed his younger brother-in-law Athirajendra Chola on the throne at Gangaikonda Cholapuram. But this went against the designs of Kulottunga Chola I who had plans of his own. Kulothunga expelled the Vengi ruler Vijayaditya. In a civil uprising in the Chola capital, Athirajendra was killed making way for Kulothunga Chola I to crown himself the monarch of the Chola empire. [21] [20] In 1070-72, when Vijayabahu revolted to rid Ceylon of the Chola rule and succeeded, Vikramaditya VI wasted no time in declaring the new king of Ceylon his "natural ally". By 1076, despite being surrounded by enemies at home (Someshvara II) and in Vengi and Chola country (Kulothunga Chola I), Vikramaditya VI successfully defeated his elder brother and took him captive. He then crowned himself the Chalukya monarch and began a new era, the Vikrama Varsha. [22] [5] [3] Hoysala threat

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The iron pillar inscription states that the southern ocean is "perfumed by the breezes" of Chandra's prowess. This may be a reference to Chandragupta's extension of the Gupta rule to the Arabian Sea after his conquest of the Western Kshatrapa territory. Arabian Sea was located to the south of the Gupta empire, and thus, the term "southern ocean" is applicable to it in this context. [37] All reconfiguration work was completed at Severodvinsk, Russia, but it was delayed by three years due to an underestimation of the amount of cabling needed. [50] An expert-level discussion on technical and financial matters was held between India and Russia to resolve the issues. [51] The MiG-29K entered operational service with India in February 2010. A compromise was finalised, and India was to pay an extra undisclosed amount. Russia was to install new systems instead of repairing the old ones. [52]

The Udayagiri inscription of Chandragupta's foreign minister Virasena suggests that the king had a distinguished military career. It states that he "bought the earth", paying for it with his prowess, and reduced the other kings to the status of slaves. [26] His empire seems to have extended from the mouth of the Indus and northern Pakistan in the west to the Bengal region in the east, and from the Himalayan terai region in the north to the Narmada River in the south. [5] [27] INS Vikramaditya was spied upon by NATO aircraft and ship last year but the matter was hushed up". intoday.in. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. a b c d "INS Vikramaditya – Game changer". PIB. 17 November 2013. Archived from the original on 6 December 2013 . Retrieved 16 June 2014.Shikhara-svami, a minister; according to historian K. P. Jayaswal's theory, he was the author of the political treatise Kamandakiya Niti [48]