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Figure 16: Side-slither raw image (left) on May 1, 2013 and shift of each detector image (right), image credit: DFH Information has been published about many of the Gaofen satellites and their civilian purposes. However details about higher-number Gaofen satellites are classified. While chaos may seem like a negative concept, it can also be seen as a source of creativity and innovation. Many artists and writers have embraced chaos as a way to break free from traditional conventions and explore new ideas. Many other approaches, such as the integrated installation of star sensors and camera, a high stable temperature control environment, and the introduction of a special microvibration seismic isolation system, ensured the satellite camera optical axis pointing stability to ≤ 2 arcsec with respect to the attitude measurement reference frame. The high-precision satellite orbit determination, attitude determination and thehigh stability control design ensures the satellite imagery location accuracy reaching the 20~39 m level in the absence of ground control points, which is better than the design specifications.

Gaofen satellites are optical and radar remote sensing satellites that form the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS). The program was approved in 2010 and the first satellite, Gaofen 1, launched in 2013. In addition, GF-2 features some onboard intelligent health monitoring and self-management capabilities, including autonomous battery charging control, a battery discharge depth safety guard, payload subsystems start/stop control etc., which provide a better control for the batteries, momentum wheel, control moment gyros, solar array drive mechanism and data transmission antennas- in particular a better balance between the work strength and stress environment, avoiding early failure problem occurrences, and ensuring the longevity goals to meet the design requirements. Orbit: Sun-synchronous near-circular orbit, altitude = 631 km, inclination = 97.9º, LTDN = 10:30 hours, period = 97.26 minutes. TurkSat-3USat, a nanosatellite (3U CubeSat, ~ 4 kg) of ITU (Istanbul Technical University), Istanbul, Turkey.Chaos theory refers to the study of nonlinear systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions. In this context, chaos can refer to unpredictability and randomness. Public and population health; illicit drug poisoning (overdose); Substance Use; mental health; prison health; health inequities; health geography CRESDA planned to have the entire CHEOS series of satellites in orbit by 2020, but the window has been extended to allow additional satellites to be deployed. Gaofen Missions in the CHEOS Program

CHEOS comprise optical, multispectral, hyperspectral and synthetic aperture radar satellites. A CHEOS near space segment comprising airships, air flight platforms, and airborne Earth observation instruments and data processing system was however also included in the plan to augment its capabilities and data collection, though little information has been published on this aspect. S. Cheng, "Introduction to Application Achievement of GF-1 and GF-2 Satellite," 52 nd session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, UNOOSA (United Nations Office for Outer Affairs), Vienna, Austria, Feb. 2-13, 2015, URL: http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2015/tech-63E.pdf As of June 2023, 36 more Gaofen satellites have launched as part of the CHEOS program since GF-2 in 2014. The most recent launch was Gaofen 13-02 (GF 13-02), launched on March 17 2023.

China publicizes Earth observation satellite's HD photos," Xinhua, June 6, 2013, URL: http://www.china.org.cn/china/Off_the_Wire/2013-06/06/content_29045699.htm The GF-2 satellite was originally scheduled to launch in December 2013; however, the launch was delayed because of the launch failure of the Long March-4B vehicle that was supposed to orbit the Brazilian CBERS-3 on December 9, 2013. Secondary Payload measurement and valuation of health, health technology and policy assessment, and preferences for healthcare interventions; evaluation/re-evaluation of the type of health care that is provided, the point in the treatment pathway, and the way in which it is delivered The new satellite will join other optical and radar remote sensing satellites in the Gaofen series which together form the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS). The first CHEOS satellite, Gaofen 1, was launched in 2013. Little is known about newer, higher numbered Gaofen satellites like Gaofen 11, which may have very high-resolution optical imagers. Figure 19: GF-1 satellite on-orbit trace and swath of 2 HR (red) and 4 WFI (green) cameras, image credit: DFH

Designed and developed by CAST, Gaofen-2 employs the long life CAST-CS-L3000A bus with breakthrough technologies including fast roll and high stable attitude control, long focal length and lightweight camera design to enhance the satellite’s performance and reliability. According to Gaofen-4 chief designer Li Guo, the new satellite is able to "see" an oil tanker with its huge camera, attaining the best imaging capability amongst the world's high-orbit remote-sensing satellites. The newly-launched satellite is equipped with several visible light and infrared cameras, which cover an area of about 7,000 by 7,000 kilometers (4,350 miles) that includes China and its surrounding regions. Gaofen-1 was launched in April 2013 and entered an orbit of 600 kilometers (373 miles) away from the Earth. The Gaofen program is expected to put seven HD observation satellites into orbit by 2020. High radiometric data quality: To ensure a high radiometric quality of the images in the smaller relative aperture of camera, the GF-2 camera optic system and imaging electronics has been optimized in the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function ) system .The statically measured MTF in the lab is 0.12 for PAN, and 0.2 for MS data. in lab condition. On orbit, the dynamic MTF is 0.1 at Nyquist frequency. Gaofen-1 satellite goes into service," Xinhua, Dec. 31, 2013, URL: http://www.shanghaidaily.com/national/Gaofen1-satellite-goes-into-service/shdaily.shtml Gaofen-1 (gao fen = high resolution) is the first of a series of high-resolution optical Earth observation satellites of CNSA (China National Space Administration), Beijing, China. The civilian HDEOS (High-Definition Earth Observation Satellite) program was proposed in 2006, it received government approval and was initiated in 2010. China plans to launch six HDEOS spacecraft between 2013 and 2016. 1)Being China's first LEO remote sensing satellite with 5~8 years of design life, GF-2 features several smart health monitoring and onboard troubleshooting capabilities. These include: electronic components with high ionizing radiation TID (Total Ionizing Dose) and high-energy charged particles, SEE (Single Event Effect) immunity and raw materials with long duration adaptability for high and low temperature recycling and ultra violet environment. Comprehensive experimental verification for key devices like battery, gyroscope, camera, SADA (Solar Array Drive Apparatus), solid state memory, onboard computer, MWs and CMGs etc. also enhance the satellite reliability to be not less than 0.6 at the end of the satellite's life. Construct an advanced earth observation system with high spatial, spectral and radiometric resolution August 2015: The GF-1 spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally after more than 2 years on orbit. GF-1 has served a wide range of applications covering many topics. The typical applications with high resolution and wide swath satellite data include: 11)