Feminist Media Studies: 9 (Media Culture & Society series)

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De Witte, M. (2003) “Altar Media’s Living Word: Televised Christianity in Ghana,” Journal of Religion in Africa, 33(2): 172-202.

Jacobs, R. (2000) Race, Media and the Crisis of Civil Society: From Watts to Rodney King, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Van Zoonen believes the media portray images of stereotypical women and this behaviour reinforces societal views. The media does this because they believe it reflects dominant social values (what people believe in) and male producers are influenced by this. This is a patriarchy (a society ran by men for men) which dominates and oppresses women.Hangen, T. (2002) Redeeming the Dial: Radio, Religion and Popular Culture in America, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Women’s bodies are used in media products as a spectacle for heterosexual male audiences, which reinforces patriarchal hegemony Association of Internet Researchers –Academic association for those specialising in online research

Religion, media and cultures of everyday life,” in J. Hinnells (ed.) The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion, 2nd edition, London: Routledge, pp.543-57.Linenthal, E. (2001) The Unfinished Bombing: Oklahoma City in American Memory, New York: Oxford University Press. As several critical authors have explained, such a data transition in social policy is not without risks. Virginia Eubanks ( Reference Eubanks2018), for instance, describes many cases of careless automation and datafication in the social policy of U.S. states that left millions of people wrongly accused of fraud and deprived of their benefits. Data technologies and algorithms, she concludes on the basis of years of extensive interviews and observations, have created a “digital poorhouse,” in which already disadvantaged groups are subject to more control and surveillance than ever before. Other authors, too, have pointed at the “surveillance assemblages” that increasingly determine social policy and welfare decisions (e.g., Maki, Reference Maki2011; Pleace, Reference Pleace2007), and more generally at badly designed algorithms privileging certain groups of people and discriminating others (e.g., Wachter-Boettcher, Reference Wachter-Boettcher2017). Alston ( Reference Alston2019, p. 1) rapporteur on extreme poverty to the United Nations (UN) strongly warns that the “digital welfare state” should move away from “obsessing about fraud, cost savings, sanctions, and market-driven definitions of efficiency” if it does not want become a dystopia of control and punishment. Anderson, B. (1991) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism, London: Verso. In postmodern culture the boundaries between the ‘real’ world and the world of the media have collapsed and that it is no longer possible to distinguish between what is reality and what is simulation. In fact, it really doesn't matter which is which! Soundscape,” in D. Morgan (ed.) Key Words in Religion, Media and Culture, London: Routledge, pp.172-86.